# longitudinal wave diagram

When the compression and rarefaction regions of two waves coincide with each other, it is known as constructive interference and if the regions of compression and rarefaction do not coincide, it is known as destructive interference. Therefore, for the waves to travel through the gas, the temperature must be constant. For a sound wave to travel through the gas, the required condition is an adiabatic condition. Rarefaction is a longitudinal wave is when the particles are furthest apart from each other. This is because when the sound waves travel they produce compressions and rarefactions which results in the generation of heat. These consecutive points can be between two compressions or between two rarefactions. [4], In the case of longitudinal harmonic sound waves, the frequency and wavelength can be described by the formula. Difference Between Longitudinal And Transverse Wave. In a longitudinal wave, compression is a region in which the particles of the wave are closest to each other. [1] While these two abbreviations have specific meanings in seismology (L-wave for Love wave[2] or long wave[3]) and electrocardiography (see T wave), some authors chose to use "l-waves" (lowercase 'L') and "t-waves" instead, although they are not commonly found in physics writings except for some popular science books. Your email address will not be published. A sound wave is an example of a longitudinal wave and is produced by the vibrating motion of the particles that travel through a conductive medium. In longitudinal waves, the displacement of the medium is parallel to the propagation of the wave. The time taken by the wave to move one wavelength is known as the period. Mechanical waves are also known as elastic waves because they depend on the elastic property of the waves. A compression in a longitudinal wave is a region where the particles are the closest together while rarefaction in a longitudinal wave is a region where the particles are spread out. [6][7][8], After Heaviside's attempts to generalize Maxwell's equations, Heaviside concluded that electromagnetic waves were not to be found as longitudinal waves in "free space" or homogeneous media. A wave along with the length of a spring is a good visualization where the distance between the coils increases or decreases. In recent decades some other theorists, such as Jean-Pierre Vigier and Bo Lehnert of the Swedish Royal Society, have used the Proca equation in an attempt to demonstrate photon mass [11] as a longitudinal electromagnetic component of Maxwell's equations, suggesting that longitudinal electromagnetic waves could exist in a Dirac polarized vacuum. In Sound waves, the amplitude of the wave is the difference between the maximum pressure caused by the wave and the pressure of the undisturbed air. A wave along the length of a stretched Slinky toy, where the distance between coils increases and decreases, is a good visualization and contrasts with the standing wave along an oscillating guitar string which is transverse. Amplitude is the maximum displacement of the particle from its rest point. Longitudinal waves occur in the large solids and also in engineering fluids. When a pebble is dropped into a pond with still water, there is the formation of ripples on the surface of the water. The pressure wave is defined as the propagation of disturbance in a medium as the pressure varies. The distance between the centres of two consecutive regions of compression or the rarefaction is defined by wavelength, λ. Mechanical waves are classified as longitudinal waves and transverse waves. Frequency (f) of the wave is given by the formula: Longitudinal waves include sound waves, seismic P-waves, and ultrasound waves. These waves need a medium to travel through. Sound Waves. Gerald E. Marsh (1996), Force-free Magnetic Fields, World Scientific, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Longitudinal_wave&oldid=988006764, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Varadan, V. K., and Vasundara V. Varadan, ", Schaaf, John van der, Jaap C. Schouten, and Cor M. van den Bleek, ", This page was last edited on 10 November 2020, at 14:47. Stay tuned with BYJU’S to learn more interesting topics like the hydrostatic paradox, Fermi paradox, Kepler’s Law, and more with the help of interesting video lessons. f=ω2π. In a longitudinal wave, the distance from the equilibrium position in the medium to compression or rarefaction is the amplitude. The quantity x/c is the time that the wave takes to travel the distance x. Quantity x/c = time ( wave takes to travel the distance x). The example of sound waves in a longitudinal direction is tuning fork. The propagation speed of sound depends upon the type, composition of the medium, and temperature through which it propagates. However electromagnetic waves can display a longitudinal component in the electric and/or magnetic fields when traversing birefringent materials, or inhomogeneous materials especially at interfaces (surface waves for instance) such as Zenneck waves.[10]. These ripples are in the circular form and spread out forming alternate crests. Transverse waves, for instance, describe some bulk sound waves in solid materials (but not in fluids); these are also called "shear waves" to differentiate them from the (longitudinal) pressure waves that these materials also support. The other main type of wave is the transverse wave, in which the displacements of the medium are at right angles to the direction of propagation. "Longitudinal waves" and "transverse waves" have been abbreviated by some authors as "L-waves" and "T-waves", respectively, for their own convenience. When the particles are together, the pressure is high and the region is known as compression and when the particles are apart, the pressure is low and the region is known as rarefaction. 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